Umweltbundesamt

Clean-Air Technology

© BMU / Christoph Edelhoff

Air pollution does not stop at borders and emissions therefore have negative consequences on a local and on a global scale.
Man-made pollutants are mainly produced in industrial production processes and in combustion processes that are used in large-scale combustion plants, waste incineration plants, vehicle engines and aeroplanes.
Further sources of air pollution are intensive agriculture and diffuse gas production in waste deposits and swamps. Private households also significantly contribute to pollution, both by individual traffic and by the use of solvent-bound chemicals.


The main air pollutants include:
• Volatile organic compounds (VOC)
• Sulphur compounds (SO2, SO3, H2S, CS2, COS)
• Nitrogen compounds (NOx, N2O, NH3, HCN)
• Halogen compounds (Ci2, Br2, HF, HCl, HBr)
• Compounds resulting from incomplete combustion (CO, CxHy)
• Heavy metals (As, Cd, Ni, Hg)
• Dusts / aerosols
These substances continue to react in the air, are converted by rain, UV radiation and other substances in the atmosphere and might increase the greenhouse effect in the atmosphere or have hazardous effects in the form of immissions.
The prevention of emissions in Germany is mainly based on the development and implementation of application-related and process-integrated measures. In addition, the following "end-of-pipe" standard technologies are used to reduce the emission of pollutants in the local industrial plants:
• Dust separators
• Absorption and adsorption
• Biological exhaust air purification
• Thermal exhaust air purification


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Project-Icon3D biofilters – development of innovative filter media
The researchers in this project are working on the development, based on bionic principles, of innovative, highly efficient filter media for separating liquid particles from a gaseous medium. The filters are intended primarily for application in industrial production processes in which vaporisation and subsequent condensation produce aerosols. Expand…
Source:  Federal Ministry of Education and Research (BMBF)
Keywords:  Ölabscheider, Aerosolabscheider, Koaleszenz, Wirkungsgrad More keywords , Abluft, Filtermaterial, Bionik
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Project-IconA programme to measure the efficiency of techniques to reduce particulate emissions in road sweeping machines
The measurements showed that using lower emission road sweepers can reduce emissions of particulate matter (PM10) in the sweeping process by over 90%. The sweepers also collected over 80% of the test dust and can thus be considered to do their job very efficiently. Expand…
Source:  Federal Environment Agency (UBA)
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Project-IconAbandoning CFC Use / VCM Refrigerating Plant
In accordance with the CFC halon prohibition regulation in a chemical plant the VCM refrigerating plant operated with chlorofluorocarbon (R 12) was changed over to the alternative refrigerant R 134 a. Since that time the enterprise works without employment of CFC. Expand…
Source:  Federal Environment Agency (UBA)
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Project-IconAnalysis of energy and material flows in the coating of paper
An analysis of the energy and material flows identified potential for optimisation in the reduction of solvent emissions and the relevant energy consumption. Expand…
Source:  Landesanstalt für Umwelt, Messungen und Naturschutz Baden-Württemberg (LUBW)
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Project-IconAnalysis of energy and material flows in the metal coating of paper
An analysis of the energy and material flows showed that solvent and carbon emissions can be reduced significantly in the paper coating process. Expand…
Source:  Landesanstalt für Umwelt, Messungen und Naturschutz Baden-Württemberg (LUBW)
Keywords: 
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Project-IconApplication of methods for the reduction of NOx , SOx and heavy metal emissions from stationary sources
The first volume of the report covers the state of implementation of primary and secondary measures for SO2- and NOx control applied in the most important industrial sectors in Germany. In the final section an overview of secondary emission reduction measures covering SO2 and NOx control technology is given. For the various sectors, examples of investments and costs for installed emission reduction measures are given. The second volume of the presented report covers the state of implementation of primary and secondary measures applied in the most important industrial sectors in Germany. In the final section an overview of secondary emission reduction measures covering dust and heavy metal control technology is given. For the various sectors, examples of investments and costs for installed secondary emission reduction measures are given. Expand…
Source:  Federal Environment Agency (UBA)
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Project-IconApplication of new measuring and analysis technologies for the reduction of contaminants and the recovery of residues from waste incineration
High-resolution combustion chamber spectroscopy has been tested in a pilot plant in order to clarify findings to the effect that NOx formation in waste incineration plants is influenced by combustion control and the geometry of the combustion chamber. This “ORFEUS” system has proven its value as a diagnostic tool for combustion chamber analysis. Expand…
Source:  Federal Ministry of Education and Research (BMBF)
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PDF-IconBiological exhaust air purification with bio layer filters
The goal of the project was the development of a new bio filter technology, which does not exhibit the disadvantages of the fixed bed technology. Filter layers with fibers as carrier and supporting material are clamped in framework filter bodies. Within the practical tests a maximum degradation degree of 44.8 % could be achieved.
Source:  Federal Foundation for the Environment (DBU)
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Project-IconCapture and cleaning of the exhaust gases (oil fog) during screw production by means of foam - gas scrubbers
In a screw work emissions should be avoided by application of the foam gas scrubbing procedure. The odor emissions not avoidable at the cold pressing of screws, which developed by the evaporation of oil and oil crack points, represented a smelling nuisance for adjoining owners of the screw work. By this procedure the mass concentration at the sources of emission was reduced below 10 mg/m3. Expand…
Source:  Federal Environment Agency (UBA)
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Project-IconCatalytic afterburning of olefins in off-gases from polyolefin plants: experimental investigations and development of a concept for a demonstration plant
The applicability of the principle of circulating reaction zones to catalytic exhaust gas scrubbing has been demonstrated on an industrial scale. This will open up potential for the operation of a reactor with non-uniform catalytic exothermic gaseous phase reactions, in which the inlet temperature of the reaction gas will lie below the catalyser ignition temperature. Expand…
Source:  Federal Ministry of Education and Research (BMBF)
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183 information in Clean-Air Technology
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