Industrial Wastewater Treatment

Industrial waste water contains various types of contaminants, depending on the industry and production area that it comes from. In order to prevent the contents from causing damage to bodies of water, companies either carry out waste water treatment in their own plants, or they send it to municipal sewage treatment plants for purification.


Recently, significant advances have been made in the development and implementation of production technologies that produce little or no waste water. Increasingly, they are replacing the traditional additive steps that are used at the end of production processes.
Using circulation, cascading usage, and partial stream treatment of waste water, watercourse protection can be improved and, at the same time, this has economic advantages for the company.
The industry is also working on reducing the contaminant loads in waste water. This is done by replacing toxic and environmentally damaging materials in production processes with less hazardous materials. Proven technical advances for reducing impacts include membrane technology and adiabatic evaporation.
In future, water recovery will become increasingly significant. Wastewater will no longer be considered simply as a source of impact on the "environmental resource of water"; rather, it will be seen as a production resource with its own intrinsic value.
Various examples of environmentally friendly production processes from different industries are included in this database. For example
• The textile industry: avoidance of waste water by dyeing polyester fibre threads in supercritical carbon dioxide (CO2).
• The paper industry:?paper production without waste water through complete treatment of process water in a circulating water treatment system.
• The circuit board industry: reduction of water consumption and waste water quantities by treating and reusing partial streams.


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Using industrial wastewaters from the Czech paper industry, exemplary laboratory analyses have been conducted in biological wastewater treatment installations with a view to achieving the maximum possible reduction of chemically degradable substances. Periodic Sequencing Batch Reactor (SBR) technology has proved to be particularly suitable for this purpose. Expand…
In a paper factory up to 100% waste paper is used for the production of newsprint. The biological waste water treatment plant is extended with a third stage (flotation) in order to reduce the chemical oxygen demand (COD) in the wash water. A goal is to obtain industrial water quality. For the thermal utilization of the residual substances from fiber production and waste water treatment the waste water treatment unit is supplemented by a sludge treatment and drainage facility. Expand…
Good results have been obtained from the practical testing of various biodegradable sizing agents in a weaving mill. The regeneration of these agents has also been possible using ultrafiltration. Overall, results obtained indicate that the sizing agents developed have the potential to replace conventional synthetic sizing agents. Expand…
The biodegradable or easily eliminable sizing agents developed provide small- and medium-sized textile businesses with the opportunity to reduce the contaminant load in their waste water. In production tests, it has also been possible to reduce warp breakage and to improve the performance of mechanical looms. Expand…
Appropriate methods have been developed and standardised for the testing of the effectiveness of biodegradable levelling agents, sequestering agents and dispersants. Results obtained may be applied as physical-chemical reference values. Expand…
In the project a biological degradation stage was developed for light-density liquid separators. With the new biological procedure dispersed and emulsified hydrocarbons in motor vehicle waste water can be degraded.
Ökotec 14996 Deponie Schöneiche
© DBU
A two-stage biological procedure has been developed which is suitable for the pretreatment and subsequent treatment of dump leachate. Compared to the conventional evaporation and drying process the leachate concentrate is cleaned without the application of chemicals.
Mobiler Bioreaktor
© DBU
A new biochemical process using microorganisms in a bioreactor was used to treat copper-bearing wastewater. This made it possible to reduce the copper content to below 0.5 milligram per litre and to recover it in a very pure state.
At Stora Enso Kabel, a combined system has been developed and put into operation for the recycling of dyes which has resulted in two related environmental benefits: the recovery of valuable raw materials as well as the recirculation of the purified waste water into the production process.
Due to the high nutrient contamination in the production water, the company would have had to have paid the heavy pollution charge in the future. After a nine day long check of the material flow, the company achieved a rinsing water cycle closure in all of their production plants with an investment of €1,000.
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