Mechanical-Biological Treatment
© BMU / Rupert Oberhäuser
In a two-stage anaerobic plant using the Schwarting-Uhde process, it has been demonstrated that the biological treatment of organic wastes, even residual wastes, represents an economical and ecologically sound alternative to disposal by combustion. Process residues are suitable for landfill, on the grounds of their low level of respiratory activity.
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Balance of environmental pollutants during mechanical-biological pretreatment (MBP) of municipal solid waste (MSW): Gaseous Emission Control
Tests on four mechanical-biological pretreatment plants provided information as to which typical emissions can be expected from these technologies, and what possibilities for emission reduction exist. This was required in order for them to be utilized as environmentally compatible waste disposal plants.
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Balance of environmental pollutants during mechanical-biological pretreatment of municipal solid waste (MSW): screening, inventory analysis
In the results of the qualitative substance identification and evaluation by means of various screening methods, three graded lists of substances were compiled: an extensive list of all individual air pollutants, a practice-oriented short list of the most relevant pollutants, and one with sum parameters which can serve as a measuring concept for operational surveillance.
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Biotechnological recycling and disposal of cellulitic and lignocellulitic wastes: processing and biotechnological treatment
A three-stage process for PAH degradation in railway sleepers has been proposed on the basis of fungal screening, physical, biochemical and chemical investigations. By this method, mechanical-hydrothermal pulping is to be followed by chemical treatment, before the white rot fungus “trametes versicolor” is applied for the purposes of biological degradation.
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Biotechnological recycling and disposal of cellulose and lignocellulose wastes: process development for biological timber impregnation
The active agent developed in this research project is a cyclic lipopeptide complex, generated from a strain of Bacillus subtilis. The fungicidal properties of this substance allow the protection of timber against destructive fungi, whilst eliminating the toxic heavy metal deposits associated with conventional timber preservatives.
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Decomposition and emission behaviour of mechanical-biological pretreated residual waste; bacterial and dust loads in the manual sorting stage
For the purposes of landfill incorporation, pretreated residual waste shows improved biological stability and generates lower emissions. The bacterial load is comparable to that obtained using other plants for the sorting of recyclable materials. Dust content measurement is practicable on the basis of comparable particle numbers and sizes.
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Development and testing of a full-scale trial plant for the combined processing of exhaust air and process water from biological waste treatment installations using algal technology
Exhaust air and wastewater condensate from composting plants contains materials which are relevant to bioconversion processes, such as carbon dioxide, nitrogen and phosphate, which have been successfully used in a full-scale trial plant for the generation of algal biomass. In comparison with wastewater treatment, costs are ten times higher.
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On the laboratory scale, a multi-stage method concept with fermentation stages is in use to stabilise organic components in residual wastes. The degree of degradation of the organic dry substance is up to 80%. Furthermore, a mathematical model has been developed for the set-up of industrial-scale plants with which biogas production can be formulated at different volume loads.
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Guidelines for integrated waste management with the incorporation of mechanically/biologically pretreated waste
The concept can be implemented in a decentralised and modular way and is thus flexible enough to be adapted to changing conditions. The mechanical/biological treatment of waste can be carried out very cost-efficiently in this case, using simple but labour-intensive methods that still meet the normal ecological standards.
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Humification processes and fate of humic substancesduring pretreatment and landfilling of residual municipal solid waste
Investigations confirm that compliance with the limiting values for loss on ignition and total carbon content defined in the Technical Instruction on Municipal Waste is not possible where mechanically-biologically pre-treated residual waste is used as landfill. At the same time, the limited microbial degradation and conversion processes observed are reflected in the minimal emissions generated.
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