Umweltbundesamt

Membrane Technology

Membrane technology has made it possible to remove tiny materials from wastewater in an economic and environmentally friendly manner, or to separate mixed materials using purely physical means. Microfiltration, ultrafiltration, nanofiltration, and reverse osmosis have established themselves as alternatives to other separation processes in wastewater treatment, and are now considered to be key technologies for operational closed-loop water systems and material reclamation.


The membranes function similarly to filters, and can be made from ceramics, metal or plastic. The last mentioned can even remove pathogenic agents such as viruses, bacteria, parasites or antibiotic-resistant germs from wastewater, and are therefore installed as the preferred method of hygienization in municipal sewage treatment plants. They can also be used successfully in small treatment systems in the home. A further advantage is that the systems save space, and generate relatively little sludge in operation.
Other typical applications are
• seawater desalination,
• drinking water treatment,
• elimination of hazardous materials from landfill leachate,
• cleanup of groundwater and surface water
In the area of production-integrated environmental protection this includes
• pigment reclamation in the paint industry,
• dealcoholisation and clarification in food processing, and
• extraction of disposable products and residue from wastewater in secondary lead works.
The results of successfully concluded projects in all areas of application can be researched and accessed in the database on this internet platform.


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Link-IconA sewage-free fish farm
A combination of different membrane technologies is used to treat the circulation water in a new fish farm. The facility produces no wastewater and is energy-efficient.
Source:  Federal Foundation for the Environment (DBU)
Categories: 
Project-IconAdvanced purification of municipal sewage: AOX removal using powdered carbon, microfiltration for the removal of bacteria and phosphorous and catalytic denitrification
The effective elimination of bacteria and phosphorous has been achieved using a process combination of precipitation/flocculation/microscreening-microfiltration. Conversely, the use of powdered carbon has not produced any significant removal of adsorbable organic halogen compounds (AOX). Catalytic denitrification has also failed to achieve the desired success. Expand…
Source:  Federal Ministry of Education and Research (BMBF)
Categories: 
Project-IconClosing the cycle of waste material recovery by membrane method: equipment solution
The overall objective of this research project was the development of decentralised and practicable regeneration processes for the recirculation of process solutions in hot-dip galvanising plants, with the simultaneous recovery of recyclable residues. As a project-specific contribution to work undertaken, procedural solutions in the form of an electrodialysis and membrane electrolysis installation have been developed, tested and optimised. Expand…
Source:  Federal Ministry of Education and Research (BMBF)
Categories: 
Project-IconComparison and evaluation of ceramic nanofiltration membranes in relation to polymer membranes
Work undertaken in the project has resulted in the production of ceramic membranes, the separation properties of which are consistent with nanofiltration, but which show substantially higher permeability than polymer nanofiltration membranes. The ceramic membranes have been tested for suitability in the treatment of textile wastewaters, spent bottle washing solutions and pickling baths. Expand…
Source:  Federal Ministry of Education and Research (BMBF)
Categories: 
Project-IconCompletion of secondary metallurgical material cycles using membrane processes: testing in an integrated secondary lead works
Functional technological process sequences have been developed for the treatment of aqueous waste streams from various operations in a secondary lead works. This has resulted in the production of waters of depleted pollutant content for recirculation in the production process, and the recovery of marketable products and residues for technological recycling. Expand…
Source:  Federal Ministry of Education and Research (BMBF)
Categories: 
Project-IconDetergent and water recycling in industrial and hospital laundries, phase II (Part 1)
The consumption of resources in washing processes can be reduced by dosing according to requirements. In addition, the developed sensor together with a recycling system can optimise the rinsing process in terms of the number of rinse washes and the corresponding length of time and water requirements.
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Source:  Federal Ministry of Education and Research (BMBF)
Categories: 
Project-IconDetergent and water recycling in industrial and hospital laundries, phase II (Part 2)
The dosing of washing agents according to requirements can be achieved if the newly developed cleaning power sensor is incorporated in the scanning systems of commercial washing machine / tumble dryer combinations. This facilitates increased process reliability and the ecological and economical optimisation of the washing process. Expand…
Source:  Federal Ministry of Education and Research (BMBF)
Categories: 
Project-IconDetergent and water recycling in industrial and hospital laundries, phase II (Part 3)
The method developed involves a biological cleaning stage with subsequent ultrafiltration. The test results prove the suitability and reliability of the method for cleaning wastewater from factory and hospital laundries. The use of fresh water, energy and chemicals was markedly reduced. Expand…
Source:  Federal Ministry of Education and Research (BMBF)
Categories: 
Project-IconDetergent- and waterrecycling in industrial and hospital laundries: basic research into scientific and technical options
The process developed combines the completion of the water and surfactant cycle with a biological purification stage involving membrane filtration. Investigations conducted on a pilot plant scale have produced recycled water of high quality which is therefore suitable for use in all stages of the washing process. Expand…
Source:  Federal Ministry of Education and Research (BMBF)
Categories: 
Project-IconDetergent- and waterrecycling in industrial and hospital laundries: membrane modification for tenside separation
In order to allow the completion of the water cycle in laundries, a multi-stage recycling process comprising a biological purification stage and a membrane filtration stage has been developed for use in a pilot plant. The large-surface and tubular compact module used for membrane filtration has proved to be highly cost-effective, and is suitable for all industrial plants where biomass retention is required. Expand…
Source:  Federal Ministry of Education and Research (BMBF)
Categories: 
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