Umweltbundesamt

Physico-Chemical Effluent Treatment

Waste water system with microfiltration
© Siemens AG

Chemical and physical treatment methods are primarily used when waste water purification cannot be completely achieved using biological processes alone, due to the original composition. Conventional definition places the following processes in this category:
•  Mechanical processes, such as raking, sand capture, (fine) screening, sedimentation, flotation and filtration
•  Precipitation and flocculation processes
•  Oxidation processes using chlorine, ozone, or UV irradiation
•  Disinfection processes, including chlorine, ozone, UV irradiation, membrane filtration, soil filters, clarification ponds


Waste water treatment systems also combine these methods, in order to
•  achieve preliminary removal of undissolved or precipitable materials;
•  to combat bulking sludge and similar problems;
•  to improve the process through optimized solids separation;
•  to remove heavy metals to the extent possible, or
•  to eliminate phosphorous compounds.
These applications are presented on this platform using various project examples. Two representative examples of the available application options are given here:
•  In the galvanic industry, a central chemical and physical treatment system has created a basis for cost-effective waste water treatment and high value-added usage of wastes by combining a mobile ion exchange system and electrolysis cells.
•  Conversion of production processes in an edible oil refinery was able to drastically reduce water consumption, and to achieve a discharge value for COD of less than 100 mg/l in waste water purification. The chemical and physical methods (neutralization, option of precipitation, flotation for sludge separation) were supplemented with a biological purification unit.


Minimize…
Expand…
Search
Extended search
45 information in Physico-Chemical Effluent Treatment
Hits per page
12345
Project-IconAdvanced oxidation processes in drinking water treatment for elimination of disinfectants and the reduction of potential for reinfection: comparison of oxidation processes
Ozonisation, peroxone, ozone/UV and hydrogen peroxide treatment processes have been applied to three representative waters for the purposes of drinking water treatment. Results obtained for the degradation of trace materials, the formation of disinfection by-products and the tendency towards reinfection have been compared and documented in a comprehensive tabular compilation. Expand…
Source:  Federal Ministry of Education and Research (BMBF)
Categories: 
Project-IconAdvanced oxidation processes in drinking water treatment for the elimination of disinfectants and the reduction of potential for reinfection: analysis of potential applications for the combined hydrogen peroxide/ozone oxidation process
In laboratory and semi-industrial tests, the combined oxidation method has proved to be a fundamentally suitable pre-treatment process. Particular strengths have been observed in the removal of impurities from water containing mineral oil hydrocarbons. In consequence, this method is primarily suitable as a standby process for potential surges in the pollution load. Expand…
Source:  Federal Ministry of Education and Research (BMBF)
Categories: 
Project-IconAdvanced purification of municipal sewage: AOX removal using powdered carbon, microfiltration for the removal of bacteria and phosphorous and catalytic denitrification
The effective elimination of bacteria and phosphorous has been achieved using a process combination of precipitation/flocculation/microscreening-microfiltration. Conversely, the use of powdered carbon has not produced any significant removal of adsorbable organic halogen compounds (AOX). Catalytic denitrification has also failed to achieve the desired success. Expand…
Source:  Federal Ministry of Education and Research (BMBF)
Categories: 
Project-IconArsenic removal in drinking water treatment: process optimization for suitable treatment methods
The iron hydroxide developed is superior to activated alumina as an adsorption medium for arsenate (V). For arsenate (III), which is resistant to removal, manganese dioxide has been identified as a solid oxidising agent which is suitable for use in fixed bed filters and which provides an alternative to doping with oxidising agents such as ozone or permanganate. Expand…
Source:  Federal Ministry of Education and Research (BMBF)
Categories: 
Project-IconBehaviour of single substances (sulfonic acids and halogenated carbon acids) during river bank infiltration
Naphthyl sulphonates and chloroacetic acids in the Upper Elbe originate from man-made sources. The main process for the elimination of these compounds in the aquifer is biodegradation. While naphthyl sulphonate can be adsorbed by activated carbon, which is typically used in waterworks, this method does not achieve the removal of chloroacetic acids from raw waters which are to be processed as a source of drinking water. Expand…
Source:  Federal Ministry of Education and Research (BMBF)
Categories: 
Link-IconComprehensive preparation work and measure suggestions for the risk reduction strategy for EDTA
On the basis of the results compiled by the Fraunhofer Institute for Systems and Innovation Research - ISI the Federal Environmental Agency develops a risk reduction strategy for EDTA. Starting points for the risk reduction are in principle the emission reduction by an improved waste water purification or the substitution of EDTA e.g. with suitable substitutes or by means of procedure conversions.
Source:  Fraunhofer Institute for Systems and Innovation Research (ISI)
Categories: 
Project-IconDevelopment and comparison of the effectivity of oxidation processes initiated by radicals, created by heterogeneous catalysis and by high pressure process for the reduction of persistent organic sewage pollutants
Wet oxidation offers a possibility to reduce the pollutant content in the water. Alternative wet oxidation processes with heterogeneous catalysis and cavitation initiation are developed. The catalytic process is able to lower the pollutant content of highly contaminated sewages up to 70 %. The process is convinient for industrial use. Cavitation reduces the pollution level only up to 30 %. So the use of cavitation in industrial scale sewage cleaning plants under the parameter conditions tested in the project has no chance to be realized in the industrial practice as by technical as by economical reasons. Expand…
Source:  Federal Ministry of Education and Research (BMBF)
Categories: 
Project-IconDevelopment of a carrier support wet oxidation procedure to minimise halogenated organic compounds in waste waters of the textile industry
In the carrier-supported wet oxidation process developed, organic halogen compounds are mineralised to form halogenides. By this method, both the pollutant content of wastewater and wastewater disposal costs in the textile industry can be substantially reduced. Expand…
Source:  Federal Ministry of Education and Research (BMBF)
Categories: 
PDF-IconDevelopment of a combination procedure for the chemical-biological treatment of cyanide-loaded waste water
The goal of the project was the development and testing of a combination procedure electrochemistry/biotechnology for the decontamination of waste water contaminated with cyanides. The results of the electro-chemical oxidation proved the most positive.
Source:  Federal Foundation for the Environment (DBU)
Categories: 
Project-IconDevelopment of a modified method of electro dialysis for selective metal take off from liquid waste
Electrodialysis is a successful process for single-component metal solutions. No problems are associated with the further treatment of detoxified wastewater in conventional purification plants. However, using membrane materials currently available, this process cannot be applied to solutions containing a number of metals. Expand…
Source:  Federal Ministry of Education and Research (BMBF)
Categories: 
45 information in Physico-Chemical Effluent Treatment
Hits per page
12345