Refrigeration Technology
© Linde AG
Efficient refrigeration technologies play an important role in the reduction of energy consumption. Today, refrigeration is used to chill food, air condition buildings and in process engineering.
Cooling energy is produced using electrically operated compression refrigerating machines or thermal processes, whereby the compression refrigerating machine holds over 90 % of the market. The thermal processes are generally applied using absorption refrigerating machines based on waste heat or solar energy.
Cogeneration plants are not used to their full heat capacity in summer, when at the same time there is a need for cooling energy to air condition offices and commercial buildings and for chilling processes in industry.
The use of excess CHP heat for the delivery of air conditioning is an elegant solution, saving costs and energy. Combined cooling, heat and power (CCHP) is becoming more and more popular in the marketplace.
One cooling technique which uses the waste heat resulting from cogeneration is steam jet refrigeration (BINE information: New applications for steam jet refrigeration machines; in German). Until now, this technique was applied mainly to industrial process refrigeration, but it has now been used for the first time to supply a district cooling network in Gera and for the cooling system in a paper factory. Tests are also being carried out as to whether steam jet refrigeration can also be applied to solar cooling, with the aim of developing efficient refrigeration systems for sunbelt countries. The steam jet refrigeration machine is a compression refrigeration machine which is operated by thermal energy. The cooling agent is water.
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Absorption refrigeration units are an environmentally friendly way of providing air conditioning. Conventional tube absorbers were replaced by new, polymer membrane modules in order to reduce the cost of investment, their sensitivity to agitation, and the size of the absorber.
The association of German refrigeration and air conditioning technologies specialist firms offers a database about German companies from this line of business. The search is possible for postcode or name of the company. Another possibility is to search for a specialization as commercialand industrial or transport refrigeration.
The open, air dehumidifying and cooling system developed and tested under the project uses a concentrated salt solution as a fluid sorption medium. The new sorption technology with low-flow absorbers makes it possible to store air-conditioning energy efficiently and without losses.
The Association of German Refrigeration and Air Conditioning Contractors represents its members with regard to governmental and public authorities and organisations. It looks after the relevant economic interests of its members throughout the industry, and in addition provides a wide range of services such as legal advice, advertising and marketing, as well as providing information and organising events.
© BMU / Bernd Müller
In Pfaffenhofen, a town in southern Germany, a biomass-fired combined heat and power plant produces electricity from wood chips as well as from residual wood from sawmills, and in addition supplies the town with steam, district heat and cooling. The electricity it produces can cover the requirement of some 10,000 households. At the same time, the environmentally friendly power station supplies heat to up to 150 customers, among them a hospital, industrial plants, businesses, schools, the town hall and many households, via a 17 kilometre network. 80,000 tonnes of wood from the forests surrounding Pfaffenhofen, as well as wood waste from sawmills and the wood processing industry, replace about 24 million litres of fuel oil and spare the atmosphere some 65,000 tonnes of additional carbon dioxide annually. Pollutant emissions are kept at a low level by a flue gas treatment system installed downstream.
The award for rational and eco-friendly use of natural gas was granted to the planner of a combined heat and power (CHP) plant supplying the University Hospital of Heidelberg, the German Cancer Research Institute and the new built Park for Technology Transfer III. The project aimed at reducing energy costs and emissions by modernising a heat plant by means of a contracting model introduced by the Harpen Energie Contracting, Dortmund.
From an ecological and safety-relevant point of view carbon dioxide is an almost ideal refrigerant. This project information of the „BINE News Service" informs about a combined expansion compression machine developed at the Technical University Dresden, with which, due to the thermodynamic characteristics, high inlet temperatures can be reached as are necessary for conventional heating systems in old buildings. So far heat pumps are suitable only for low temperature systems such as under-floor heatings.
© bine.info
Capillary tube mats are environmentally compatible, economically beneficial and make dual-surface component activation possible when providing air conditioning to office buildings.
A logistics company has developed a refrigerated trailer and monitoring software for the transportation of temperature-controlled goods in order to ensure an uninterrupted cold chain for combined transport systems (rail/road). This project is one of the winners of the 2012 “Fit for Climate Change” climate adaptation competition, which is part of KLIMZUG’s “nordwest2050” project.
Keywords:
Logistik, Klimaänderung, Kühlung, Kombiverkehr
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, Extremwetter
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In the prototype developed, refrigeration is produced by the use of an open-cycle overpressure process with an internal heat exchanger. The system is designed for operation at zero degrees Celsius with a refrigerating capacity of 3 kW, and is therefore particularly suitable for the cooling of small vehicles used for the distribution of refrigerated products.
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Absorption cooling with membranes
Development and construction of a cold air system for refrigerated transport as a contribution to the solution of the CFC-ozone and greenhouse effect