Sewage Technology
© H.-G. Oed
Avoidance of waste water takes priority over treatment. Minimization of fresh water consumption, recycling, and repeated usage of process water, as well as the use of less problematic chemicals and changes in processes, are considered to be the most effective measures for reducing both the amount and the impact of waste water generated by households and commercial and industrial operations.
In Germany, the use of waste water treatment plants for the purification of municipal and industrial waste water is widespread. To a great extent, hazardous and undesirable materials are removed. This ensures that the watercourses, into which the treated waste water is discharged, retain good water quality.
Conventional waste water treatment methods are divided into
• mechanical,
• chemical, and
• biological processes.
They are often combined with each other, or often also supplemented with chemical/physical treatment methods.
Increasing significance is now placed on membrane filtration systems, since only they allow the removal of wastewater germs that are critical for human health, such viruses, bacteria, and parasites. The classical waste water treatment methods do not match this hygienic requirement.
5 Results in Sewage Technology
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The BDEW is the representation of the German gas supplying companies, water supplying companies and waste water management companies in political, economic, legal and technical questions. Over 1,200 German supply companies are members of BDEW. Thus, with respect to natural gas, BDEW represents the entire supply chain in Germany, i.e. from production and importation to final distribution. The BDEW's range of work for its member companies comprises political representation of interests, legal advice, professional education and conferences, marketing and public relations, press work, statistics, and economic and technical/economic analyses.
fbr is a nation-wide professional association of people, companies, local authorities, offices, specialized trading companies and institutions interested or already actively involved in water recycling and rainwater utilization. fbr has set itself the objective of promoting water recycling and rainwater utilization and bringing together everyone actively involved and interested in this sector. The purpose of fbr is to save drinking water and reduce sewage. Its responsibility lies in the creation of a provision against future contingencies, while at the same time taking into account all aspects of environmental protection, science and research
The DWA is a politically and economically independent organisation working in the fields of water management, sewage, waste and soil conservation. The main activities of DWA are preparing and updating the DWA standards and engaging in national and international cooperation to draft special standards.
The declared objective of the DGMT is to promote membrane technology and its application in Germany. The DGMT sees itself as an unbiased mediator between the users of membrane processes and specialist enterprises in the membrane technology sector.
The LAWA is the German Working Group on water issues of the Federal States and the Federal Government represented by the Federal Environment Ministry. The aims of the Working Group of the Federal States on water issues are to discuss in detail questions arising in the areas of water management and water legislation, to formulate solutions and to put forward recommendations for their implementation. In addition however, topical questions in the national, supranational and international sphere are also adopted, discussed on a broad basis and the findings submitted to the relevant organisations. LAWA is a committee of the German Environment Ministers' Conference (UMK).
5 Results in Sewage Technology
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Federal Association of the German Energy and Water Industries (BDEW)